Fotoniku

Fotoniku is a term used to describe a multidisciplinary field that studies the generation, manipulation, and detection of photons for information processing, sensing, and energy applications. It draws on optics, quantum physics, materials science, and electrical engineering, and it emphasizes the development of integrated photonic systems capable of operating at high speeds with low loss.

Core technologies include optical waveguides, micro- and nanoresonators, photonic crystals, single-photon sources, detectors, and on-chip photonic circuits built from silicon, III-V materials, or emerging two-dimensional materials. Methods include nanofabrication, nonlinear optics, quantum optics, and advanced metrology for characterizing optical states.

The term is not universally standardized. It appears in some research communities and popular summaries as a label for photonics-focused work, but it is not a formal discipline recognized by major science organizations, and its precise meaning can vary by context or author.

Applications span high-speed communications, data centers, LiDAR, spectroscopy, medical imaging, and quantum information processing. Ongoing research aims to increase integration density, reduce optical losses, improve on-chip light sources and detectors, and bridge photonics with electronics and nanomaterials for new functionalities.

See also: Photonics, Integrated photonics, Quantum photonics, Nanophotonics.