Fotodynamiczna

Fotodynamiczna, also known as photodynamic therapy (PDT), is a medical treatment that utilizes a combination of photosensitizing agents, light, and oxygen to target and destroy abnormal or diseased cells. This approach is primarily used in the treatment of certain cancers, precancerous conditions, and some dermatological disorders.

The process begins with the administration of a photosensitizer, a drug that selectively accumulates in diseased cells. After a specified period to allow for uptake, the targeted area is exposed to a specific wavelength of light, which activates the photosensitizer. Once activated, the photosensitizer reacts with oxygen in the tissues to produce reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen, which induce cell death through mechanisms like apoptosis and necrosis.

Fotodynamiczna offers several advantages, including its minimally invasive nature, precision targeting of abnormal cells, and reduced damage to surrounding healthy tissue. It can be performed on outpatient basis and often results in fewer side effects compared to conventional therapies like surgery or chemotherapy.

The effectiveness of PDT depends on factors such as the type and location of the disease, photosensitizer used, light parameters, and oxygen availability. It has been successfully employed in dermatology for conditions like actinic keratosis and non-melanoma skin cancers, as well as in the treatment of lung, esophageal, and brain tumors.

Despite its benefits, photodynamic therapy has limitations, including photosensitivity reactions and the need for specialized equipment and training. Ongoing research aims to expand its applications and improve its efficacy in various medical fields.