Fotodermatologia

Fotodermatologia is a branch of dermatology that focuses on the study and treatment of skin conditions caused or aggravated by exposure to light, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This field encompasses a wide range of disorders, from common sunburns and photoaging to more complex conditions like photosensitive dermatoses and cutaneous photocarcinogenesis.

The primary goal of fotodermatologia is to understand the interactions between light and the skin, including the mechanisms of photodamage at a cellular and molecular level. This knowledge is crucial for developing effective preventive measures, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies. Preventive measures often involve education on sun protection, including the use of sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours.

Diagnostic approaches in fotodermatologia include phototesting, which involves exposing small areas of the skin to controlled doses of UV radiation to assess an individual's photosensitivity. This helps in identifying the specific type of photosensitive reaction and determining the responsible wavelengths of light.

Treatment strategies vary depending on the specific photodermatosis. They may include topical or oral medications to manage inflammatory reactions, phototherapy with carefully controlled doses of UV light for certain conditions, and in cases of skin cancer prevention or treatment, surgical interventions or other dermatological therapies. Fotodermatologia also plays a vital role in managing conditions like polymorphic light eruption, solar urticaria, and drug-induced photosensitivity. The field continuously evolves with advancements in understanding the skin's response to light and developing innovative treatments.