Foszátszennyezés

Foszátszennyezés, also known as phosphorus pollution, refers to the excessive enrichment of water bodies with phosphorus. This nutrient, while essential for plant and animal life in small amounts, can cause significant environmental problems when present in excess. The primary source of anthropogenic phosphorus pollution is agricultural runoff, containing fertilizers used on crops. Other contributors include sewage and wastewater treatment plant discharges, as well as industrial waste.

When phosphorus enters lakes, rivers, and coastal waters, it acts as a limiting nutrient, meaning its availability controls the growth of aquatic vegetation. Increased phosphorus levels fuel rapid growth of algae and aquatic plants, a phenomenon known as eutrophication. This algal bloom can block sunlight from reaching submerged vegetation, harming them. As the algae die and decompose, bacteria consume large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water, creating hypoxic or anoxic conditions. These oxygen-depleted zones can be fatal to fish and other aquatic organisms, leading to fish kills and reduced biodiversity. Furthermore, some algal blooms produce toxins that can be harmful to humans and animals.

Mitigation strategies for foszátszennyezés focus on reducing phosphorus inputs into water systems. These include improved agricultural practices such as buffer strips along waterways, reduced fertilizer application, and better manure management. Upgrading wastewater treatment facilities to remove phosphorus is also crucial. Public awareness and education play a role in promoting responsible land use and waste disposal to protect water quality.