Fosforinpoistomenetelmä

Fosforinpoistomenetelmä refers to phosphorus removal methods, primarily in the context of wastewater treatment. Phosphorus is a nutrient that can contribute to eutrophication in water bodies, leading to excessive algal growth and oxygen depletion. Therefore, removing phosphorus from wastewater is crucial for environmental protection.

There are several main categories of phosphorus removal methods. Chemical precipitation is a common technique where chemicals like iron salts (ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate) or aluminum salts (aluminum sulfate) are added to the wastewater. These chemicals react with dissolved phosphorus to form insoluble precipitates, which are then removed through sedimentation or filtration. Biological phosphorus removal (Bío-P) utilizes specific microorganisms that accumulate large amounts of phosphorus within their cells. These microorganisms, often referred to as enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) bacteria, are cultivated under alternating anaerobic and aerobic conditions. In the anaerobic phase, they release stored phosphorus as they consume volatile fatty acids. In the aerobic phase, they absorb more phosphorus than they released, effectively removing it from the wastewater.

A combination of chemical and biological methods can also be employed to achieve higher phosphorus removal efficiencies. The choice of method depends on factors such as the influent phosphorus concentration, desired effluent quality, operational costs, and available space. Advanced methods like membrane filtration and ion exchange can also be used for tertiary phosphorus removal, particularly in sensitive receiving waters. Effective phosphorus removal is a key component of sustainable wastewater management.