Fornbústa

Fornbústa is a term derived from Old Norse, roughly translating to "ancient dwelling" or "old settlement." It refers to archaeological sites in Iceland that contain the remains of early Norse settlements. These sites are crucial for understanding the initial period of Viking Age settlement in Iceland, which began around the late 9th century.

Excavations at fornbústa sites have revealed longhouses, which were the typical dwelling structures of the time. These were often large, multi-functional buildings that housed families, livestock, and served as a center for social and economic activities. Evidence of agricultural practices, such as the cultivation of barley and the raising of sheep and cattle, is also commonly found. Artifacts discovered at these locations include tools, weapons, pottery, and personal adornments, offering insights into the daily lives, technologies, and cultural connections of the early Icelandic settlers.

The preservation of fornbústa sites varies, but many have been protected by layers of volcanic ash or peat, contributing to their remarkable state of preservation. These archaeological resources are vital for historical research, providing tangible evidence of a formative period in Icelandic history and contributing to the broader understanding of Norse expansion and settlement in the North Atlantic. Studying these ancient dwellings helps reconstruct the social structures, economy, and environmental adaptations of the first inhabitants of Iceland.