Formüülkloriid

Formüülkloriid, also known as formyl chloride, is a hypothetical chemical compound with the formula H C O Cl. It is the acyl chloride of formic acid. Despite its simple structure, formyl chloride is not a stable compound and is not readily isolable under normal laboratory conditions. It is an extremely reactive and unstable species that readily decomposes into carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen chloride (HCl). This decomposition occurs very rapidly.

The instability of formyl chloride means it is typically generated in situ for specific chemical reactions, rather than being stored or handled as a bulk reagent. When formed, it can act as a formylating agent, introducing the formyl group (HCO-) into other molecules. This process is analogous to how other acyl chlorides are used in acylation reactions. Due to its high reactivity, reactions involving formyl chloride require careful control of temperature and reaction conditions to prevent unwanted side reactions or decomposition of the desired product. Its theoretical role in organic synthesis is often discussed in the context of mechanisms rather than as a practical reagent for general use.