Forklift

A forklift, also known as a forklift truck or powered industrial truck, is a vehicle designed to lift, carry, and place heavy loads over short distances. It is a common piece of equipment in warehouses, factories, distribution centers, and construction sites.

Most forklifts run on internal combustion engines using gasoline, diesel, or propane, or on electric batteries. Key components include the chassis, a vertical mast with a moving carriage and forks, a counterweight at the rear, an overhead guard to protect the operator, and an operator cabin or standing platform. Attachments such as fork positioners, side shifters, rotators, or booms extend the machine’s functionality.

Forklifts come in several configurations. Counterbalanced forklifts are the most common and can be electric or internal combustion powered. Rough-terrain forklifts have large tires for uneven surfaces. Reach trucks and order-pickers are designed for narrow aisles and picking items at height, while pallet jacks offer manual lift for light-duty tasks.

Operation requires training and, in many jurisdictions, licensing or certification. Operators must observe load ratings, keep loads centered and low during movement, maintain clear sight lines, use seat belts, and operate at safe speeds. Daily pre-use inspections and regular maintenance help prevent failures and accidents.

Advantages include efficient handling of pallets and heavy loads, increased productivity, and reduced manual labor. Risks include tip-overs, collisions, and falling loads, underscoring the need for safety protocols and proper maintenance.

History: The modern forklift emerged in the early 20th century, with significant development by manufacturers such as Clark and Toyota, leading to the electric and internal-combustion models common today.