Forgatóhatás

Forgatóhatás, also known as torque, is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is a measure of how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate around an axis. The magnitude of the torque depends on three factors: the magnitude of the force, the distance from the axis of rotation to the point where the force is applied (lever arm), and the angle between the force vector and the lever arm.

Mathematically, torque is calculated as the product of the lever arm and the component of the force perpendicular to the lever arm. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. The direction of the torque vector is typically defined by the right-hand rule, indicating the axis of rotation.

In physics, torque is fundamental to understanding rotational motion. Just as a net force causes a change in linear momentum (acceleration), a net torque causes a change in angular momentum (angular acceleration). Examples of forgatóhatás are abundant in everyday life, such as turning a doorknob, using a wrench to tighten a bolt, or pedaling a bicycle. In engineering, torque is a critical parameter for designing engines, motors, and various mechanical systems. Understanding forgatóhatás is essential for analyzing and predicting the rotational behavior of objects.