Fordítástudomány

Fordítástudomány, also known as translation studies, is an academic discipline that focuses on the theory and practice of translation and interpreting. It is an interdisciplinary field that draws on linguistics, literature, cultural studies, semiotics, and cognitive science. The central aim of translation studies is to understand and describe the complex processes involved in transferring meaning from one language and culture to another.

Scholars in translation studies investigate various aspects of the translation process, including equivalence, translation strategies, the role of the translator, the impact of technology on translation, and the ethical considerations inherent in the profession. It explores both literary and non-literary translation, as well as audiovisual translation and machine translation. The discipline also examines the historical development of translation practices and the socio-cultural contexts in which translations are produced and received.

Key concepts within translation studies include domestication and foreignization, skopos theory, and translation universals. Domestication refers to making the translated text conform to the target culture's norms and expectations, while foreignization aims to preserve the source text's cultural specificities. Skopos theory, developed by Hans Vermeer, emphasizes the purpose or function of the translation as the primary determinant of the translation process. Translation universals are hypothetical linguistic features that may be characteristic of translated texts regardless of the source language or culture. The field continues to evolve, engaging with new theoretical frameworks and the changing landscape of global communication.