Folders

A folder is a container used to organize items. In computing, a folder (also called a directory) resides in a hierarchical file system and can contain files and other folders. In the physical world, folders are used to group papers, typically made of manila or plastic and labeled with tabs.

Digital folders form a tree with a root at the top. Each folder has a name and a path that identifies its location. Common operations include create, rename, move, copy, and delete. Access is controlled by permissions and ownership, and many systems store metadata such as creation and modification dates for the folder.

Platform differences include path syntax, user interfaces, and default folders. Windows uses backslashes and libraries; macOS uses forward slashes with Finder; Linux and other Unix-like systems use forward slashes and various file managers. Some systems are case-sensitive; others are not. Folders can be hidden and may be special folders like Documents, Downloads, or Desktop.

Physical folders support paper organization and record-keeping. Common types include manila folders and plastic folders, often with tabs. They are used to separate by project, department, or topic and to prepare documents for filing, sharing, or archiving.

Best practices include consistent naming, logical hierarchy, and regular backups. When using cloud storage or synchronization, folders form the basic units of structure, and permissions or sharing settings may apply.