FlächenArrays

FlächenArrays, also known as planar arrays or surface arrays, are a type of antenna arrangement where multiple radiating elements are positioned in a flat plane. This configuration is commonly used in radar systems, satellite communications, and mobile communication base stations. The key characteristic of a FlächenArray is the spatial distribution of its individual antenna elements across a two-dimensional surface.

The design of a FlächenArray allows for precise control over the antenna beam. By adjusting the phase and amplitude of the signals fed to each element, the overall radiation pattern can be steered electronically without the need for physical movement of the antenna. This electronic beam steering provides rapid scanning capabilities and the ability to track multiple targets simultaneously, which is crucial for applications like radar.

The performance of a FlächenArray is influenced by factors such as the number of elements, their spacing, and the excitation scheme. A larger number of elements generally leads to higher gain and a narrower beamwidth, improving directivity. Element spacing is critical to avoid grating lobes, which can reduce the intended coverage area. FlächenArrays can be designed to be either passive, where the signal processing is done externally, or active, where each element has its own transmit/receive module, offering enhanced flexibility and reliability.