FluidMosaikModell
FluidMosaikModell, commonly called the Fluid Mosaic Model, is a foundational concept describing the structure of biological membranes. Proposed by S. Jonathan Singer and Garth L. Nicolson in 1972 to replace the earlier Davson–Danielli model, it portrays the cell membrane as a fluid phospholipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded or attached, forming a mosaic that is capable of lateral movement. Phospholipids arrange with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails inward, creating a hydrophobic core. Cholesterol and other lipids modulate membrane fluidity and mechanical stability. Proteins are classified as integral (transmembrane) or peripheral, and some proteins associate with the bilayer’s inner or outer surface. Carbohydrates attached to lipids and proteins contribute to the extracellular glycocalyx and cell recognition.
The model emphasizes membrane asymmetry, with different lipid composition on the outer and inner leaflets. It