Flucytosiini

Flucytosiini, also known as 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), is a synthetic fluorinated pyrimidine analog. It is an antifungal medication used primarily in the treatment of serious systemic fungal infections. Flucytosiini works by being converted within fungal cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a potent antimetabolite. This 5-FU then interferes with fungal RNA and DNA synthesis, ultimately inhibiting fungal growth and replication.

Flucytosiini is typically administered orally and is absorbed well from the gastrointestinal tract. It is often used in combination with other antifungal agents, such as amphotericin B, to treat infections caused by susceptible organisms like Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans. This combination therapy can enhance efficacy and reduce the development of resistance.

The use of flucytosiini requires careful monitoring due to potential side effects, which can include gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), bone marrow suppression (leading to leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia), and elevation of liver enzymes. Renal function is also important to monitor as flucytosiini is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Due to its potential for toxicity, flucytosiini is generally reserved for more severe or difficult-to-treat fungal infections, and its use in pregnant women is typically avoided unless absolutely necessary.