Flüssigkeitsstau

Flüssigkeitsstau, also known as fluid overload or hypervolemia, is a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of fluid within the body. This can occur in various compartments, including the bloodstream, interstitial spaces, and intracellular spaces. The causes of Flüssigkeitsstau are diverse and can range from underlying medical conditions to iatrogenic factors.

Common causes include impaired kidney function, as the kidneys are responsible for regulating fluid balance. Conditions like kidney failure, chronic kidney disease, and acute kidney injury can lead to a reduced ability to excrete excess fluid. Heart failure is another significant contributor, where a weakened heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid backup in the lungs and other organs. Liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, can disrupt protein synthesis and alter fluid distribution, contributing to ascites (fluid in the abdomen) and edema. Certain hormonal imbalances, such as the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), can also cause the body to retain too much water.

Furthermore, rapid intravenous fluid administration, especially in patients with compromised organ function, can iatrogenically lead to Flüssigkeitsstau. Excessive sodium intake can also promote fluid retention. Symptoms vary depending on the severity and location of the fluid accumulation. They may include swelling (edema) in the legs, ankles, and feet, shortness of breath due to fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), weight gain, increased blood pressure, and confusion. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as blood work, urine tests, and imaging studies like chest X-rays or ultrasounds. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and removing excess fluid through diuretics, fluid restriction, and sometimes dialysis.