Fitokémia

Fitokémia is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemical compounds produced by plants. These compounds are not essential for the plant's basic survival and reproduction but often play roles in defense, attraction, or other biological processes. Phytochemicals encompass a vast array of organic molecules, including alkaloids, terpenes, polyphenols, and glycosides.

The scientific interest in fitokémia stems largely from the potential health benefits that many phytochemicals offer to humans. While not classified as nutrients, these plant-derived compounds are often consumed in the diet through fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes. Research has indicated that many phytochemicals possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and even anti-cancer properties. For instance, flavonoids, a type of polyphenol, are widely studied for their antioxidant capacity.

The extraction and analysis of phytochemicals are key methodologies within fitokémia. Scientists employ various techniques to isolate and identify these compounds from plant matrices. Understanding the structure and function of phytochemicals allows for their potential application in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. Furthermore, the field contributes to ethnobotany and traditional medicine by providing scientific validation for the uses of medicinal plants. The ongoing exploration of the plant kingdom continues to reveal new phytochemicals with diverse and potentially valuable properties.