Fiskálispolitika

Fiskálispolitika, often translated as fiscal policy, refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. It is a key tool governments use to manage macroeconomic conditions, aiming for stable economic growth, low unemployment, and controlled inflation. The primary levers of fiscal policy are government expenditure and tax revenue.

Expansionary fiscal policy involves increasing government spending or reducing taxes. This aims to boost aggregate demand, stimulate economic activity, and combat recessions. Increased spending can be directed towards infrastructure projects, social programs, or direct subsidies. Tax cuts can leave individuals and businesses with more disposable income, encouraging consumption and investment.

Contractionary fiscal policy, on the other hand, involves decreasing government spending or increasing taxes. This is typically used to curb inflation or reduce government debt. By reducing aggregate demand, it can help cool down an overheating economy. Higher taxes can decrease consumer and business spending, while reduced government spending lessens the overall demand for goods and services.

The effectiveness of fiscal policy can be influenced by various factors, including the state of the economy, the responsiveness of consumers and businesses to changes in spending and taxation, and the time lags involved in implementing and observing its effects. Debates exist regarding the optimal approach to fiscal policy, with different economic schools of thought advocating for varying levels of government intervention.