FettHämatopoes

FettHämatopoes, also known as adipose hematopoiesis or bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) hematopoiesis, refers to the process where hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progenitors develop within the fatty tissue of the bone marrow. Traditionally, hematopoiesis, the formation of blood cellular components, was primarily associated with the hematopoietic niches within the red marrow. However, research has increasingly highlighted the significant role of BMAT in supporting and potentially regulating blood cell production.

BMAT is a dynamic tissue composed of mature adipocytes and an interesting population of progenitor cells. Within these adipocytes, evidence suggests that HSCs can reside and undergo differentiation. The microenvironment of BMAT provides distinct signals and factors that can influence HSC behavior, including their self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into various blood cell lineages. This contrasts with the established niches in the more cellular red marrow.

Studies have indicated that the amount of BMAT can fluctuate depending on physiological conditions. For instance, BMAT volume tends to increase with age, obesity, and in certain metabolic disorders. Conversely, conditions like starvation or intense physical activity can lead to a decrease in BMAT. These changes in BMAT content are often accompanied by alterations in hematopoiesis, suggesting a close interplay between the two processes.

The precise mechanisms by which BMAT supports hematopoiesis are still under investigation. However, it is understood that adipocytes themselves can secrete various cytokines, hormones, and growth factors that can impact HSCs. Furthermore, the vascularization and cellular composition of BMAT niches contribute to this complex regulatory network. Understanding FettHämatopoes is crucial for comprehending normal blood formation and for developing therapeutic strategies for hematological diseases and metabolic disorders.