Fermentaatiomallia

Fermentaatiomallia is a term found in Finnish-language fermentation literature referring to a fermentation model, or the mathematical and conceptual framework used to describe fermentation processes. It does not denote a particular organism, product, or commercial technology.

A typical model includes variables for substrate S, biomass X, and product P in a bioreactor, and uses differential equations to represent mass balances and kinetics. In mechanistic forms, growth and product formation depend on substrate availability and conditions such as pH, temperature, and oxygen. Commonly, Monod- or Haldane-type rate laws are used, yielding equations like dX/dt = μ(S) X, dS/dt = - (1/YX/S) μ(S) X, and dP/dt = qp X. Models may cover batch, fed-batch, or continuous operation and may include inhibition and oxygen-transfer limits.

Data-driven approaches supplement or replace mechanistic parts with statistical or machine learning models trained on historical process data. Hybrid models combine mechanistic and data-driven components to improve accuracy and robustness.

Applications include design, parameter estimation, scale-up, and control optimization for industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and biofuels. Validation relies on experimental data and sensitivity analyses. Limitations include incomplete knowledge of physiology, parameter uncertainty, and challenges in capturing dynamic changes during fermentation.