Felülfertzés

Felülfertőzés, also known as superinfection, refers to a situation where a host organism that is already infected with one pathogen becomes infected by a second, different pathogen. This second infection can occur because the initial infection has weakened the host's immune system, making it more susceptible to other microbes. Alternatively, the treatment for the first infection, such as antibiotics, may inadvertently kill off beneficial microorganisms (like those in the gut microbiome) that normally help keep other potentially harmful microbes in check. This disruption of the natural microbial balance can allow opportunistic pathogens to proliferate and cause a new or superimposed infection.

The term "felülfertőzés" is commonly used in medical contexts, particularly when discussing bacterial infections. For example, a patient undergoing antibiotic treatment for a bacterial infection might develop a secondary fungal infection, like candidiasis, because the antibiotics have eliminated the competing bacteria. Similarly, in viral infections, the compromised immune state can make individuals vulnerable to bacterial pneumonia. Identifying and treating felülfertőzés is crucial for effective patient recovery, as it requires addressing both the original and the new infection. The specific pathogens involved and the host's overall health status influence the severity and management of a felülfertőzés.