Felsfülldämme

Felsfülldämme, also known as rockfill dams, are a type of embankment dam constructed primarily from coarse, angular rock fragments. These rocks are typically sourced from nearby quarries or natural rock deposits. The voids between the larger rocks are then filled with smaller rocks, gravel, sand, and often clay or other fine materials to create a relatively impermeable core. This core is crucial for preventing water seepage through the dam structure.

The construction process involves excavating the dam site, preparing a foundation, and then layering the rockfill material. The larger rocks are placed and compacted, followed by the finer materials that fill the interstitial spaces. This "zone" method of construction, where different materials are placed in specific layers, is common. The outer faces of the dam are often protected with riprap, which are larger, more durable stones, to prevent erosion from wave action and weathering.

Felsfülldämme are suitable for a wide range of geological conditions and can be built to considerable heights. They are particularly advantageous in areas where suitable rock material is readily available, as it can reduce transportation costs. The design allows for some deformation under load without compromising structural integrity, making them resilient to seismic activity. Their construction can be relatively straightforward compared to other dam types, though careful selection and placement of materials are essential for performance and safety.