Federatsiooni

Federatsiooni refers to a form of political organization where power is divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units, such as states or provinces. In a federation, both the central government and the constituent units have their own distinct areas of jurisdiction, often defined by a constitution. This division of powers is a fundamental characteristic of federal systems.

The central government typically handles matters of national concern, such as defense, foreign policy, and currency. The constituent units, on the other hand, usually manage local affairs, including education, public health, and law enforcement, though the specific division varies significantly between different federations. Citizens are generally subject to the laws of both the central and regional governments.

Examples of federal systems include the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia. The specific structure and balance of power within each federation can differ greatly, reflecting historical development, cultural factors, and political compromises. The principle of federalism aims to balance the need for national unity with the desire for regional autonomy and self-governance.