Faststoffysikk

Faststoffysikk, also known as condensed matter physics, is a branch of physics that studies the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter. It deals with the physical principles that underlie the structure, properties, and behavior of materials in the condensed phases, primarily solids and liquids. This field is the largest employer of physicists and a major area of research in modern science.

The study of condensed matter physics encompasses a vast range of phenomena. It includes understanding the electrical, magnetic, optical, and thermal properties of materials. Key concepts investigated include the structure of crystals, the behavior of electrons in solids (leading to semiconductors and superconductors), magnetism, and phase transitions. Researchers in this field aim to discover new materials with novel properties and to understand existing materials at a fundamental level.

The techniques used in faststoffysikk are diverse, ranging from theoretical calculations and simulations to experimental methods like X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, and various forms of microscopy. The applications of condensed matter physics are widespread, impacting technologies such as microelectronics, lasers, magnetic storage devices, advanced composites, and medical imaging. It bridges the gap between fundamental atomic and molecular physics and the macroscopic world we experience, providing the foundational knowledge for much of modern technology.