Fards

Fards are a type of cosmetic, specifically powders, used to color the skin, most commonly for the face. Historically, fards were made from various natural pigments mixed with a binding agent. These pigments could include substances derived from minerals, plants, or even insects. The primary purpose of fards was to alter the complexion, often to achieve a desired pallor or to add color to the cheeks and lips.

The composition of fards has evolved significantly over time. Early formulations might have contained lead or mercury, which were effective but highly toxic. Modern fards, or what are now commonly referred to as face powders, blushes, or foundations, are formulated with much safer ingredients. These typically include talc, mica, kaolin clay, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide, along with colorants like iron oxides and organic pigments. Binders and emollients are also added to improve texture, application, and skin feel.

The application of fards is usually done with brushes, sponges, or puffs. They can be used to set liquid or cream makeup, mattify oily skin, or provide a sheer wash of color. The versatility of fards means they are a staple in both everyday makeup routines and more elaborate theatrical or artistic applications. The term "fard" itself is somewhat archaic in contemporary cosmetic terminology, but it encompasses the fundamental concept of colored powders applied to the skin for aesthetic enhancement.