Failisünkrooni

Failisünkrooni refers to a synchronization problem that can occur when multiple processes or threads access and modify a shared file concurrently. This can lead to data corruption or unexpected behavior as the order of operations is not guaranteed. For instance, if two processes try to write to the same location in a file simultaneously, one process's write operation might overwrite or partially overwrite the other's, resulting in inconsistent data.

To prevent failisünkrooni, operating systems and programming languages provide various mechanisms. File locking is a common technique where one process can acquire an exclusive lock on a file or a portion of it, preventing other processes from accessing or modifying it until the lock is released. This can be implemented as advisory locks, which rely on processes cooperating to check for locks, or mandatory locks, which are enforced by the operating system.

Another approach involves using atomic operations, which are operations that are guaranteed to complete entirely without interruption. For file operations, this might involve techniques like atomic writes that ensure the entire new data is written before any old data is cleared, or using file system features that support atomic file replacement. Transactional file systems also offer a way to group multiple file operations into a single atomic transaction, ensuring that either all operations succeed or none of them do, thus avoiding inconsistent states due to partial failures or concurrent access. Proper handling of failisünkrooni is crucial for maintaining data integrity in multi-user or multi-threaded environments.