Facettengelenk

Facettengelenk refers to the small joints located at the back of the spine, connecting the vertebral arches of adjacent vertebrae. These joints are also known as zygapophyseal joints. Each vertebra has two superior and two inferior articular facets, which articulate with the corresponding facets of the vertebrae above and below. These articulations form the facet joints, which are synovial joints, meaning they are enclosed in a capsule and contain synovial fluid that lubricates the joint.

The primary function of the facettengelenke is to guide and limit the movement of the spine, providing stability while allowing for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. They play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of the vertebral column. The orientation of the facet joints varies along the spine, influencing the range and type of motion possible in different regions. For example, in the cervical spine, they are oriented more horizontally, facilitating greater rotation, while in the lumbar spine, they are oriented more sagittally, limiting rotation and promoting flexion and extension.

Like other joints in the body, facettengelenke can be affected by degenerative changes, leading to conditions such as facet joint osteoarthritis. This can cause pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, often referred to as facet joint syndrome or facet arthropathy. Trauma or repetitive stress can also contribute to damage and inflammation of these joints.