Faasimuutoslämpövarastointi

Faasimuutoslämpövarastointi, often abbreviated as PCM (Phase Change Material) storage, is a thermal energy storage technology that utilizes the latent heat absorbed or released during the phase transition of a material. Unlike sensible heat storage, which relies on temperature changes within a material, PCM storage stores energy by changing the physical state of the storage medium, typically from solid to liquid or vice versa. This phase change occurs at a relatively constant temperature, making it an efficient way to store large amounts of thermal energy within a narrow temperature range.

The core principle involves selecting a PCM that undergoes a phase transition at a desired operating temperature. During charging, heat is supplied to the PCM, causing it to melt and absorb energy as latent heat. When energy is needed, the PCM solidifies, releasing the stored latent heat. Common PCMs include paraffins, salt hydrates, and fatty acids, chosen based on their melting point, latent heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and cost.

Applications of PCM storage are diverse, ranging from building thermal management to solar energy utilization and waste heat recovery. In buildings, PCMs can be integrated into walls, ceilings, or floors to passively regulate indoor temperatures, reducing the need for active heating and cooling systems. This can lead to significant energy savings and improved comfort. In solar thermal systems, PCMs can store excess solar heat during the day for use at night or during cloudy periods, enhancing the system's reliability and efficiency. Furthermore, PCM technology is being explored for industrial processes requiring precise temperature control or for capturing and reusing waste heat. Challenges in PCM storage include low thermal conductivity, potential for degradation over time, and the need for effective encapsulation to prevent leakage.