FVII

FVII refers to Factor VII, a protein crucial for blood clotting. It is a vitamin K-dependent serine protease produced in the liver. Factor VII circulates in the blood in an inactive form, known as proconvertin. Upon injury to a blood vessel, tissue factor is exposed, which then binds to and activates Factor VII. This complex initiates the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade, leading to the formation of thrombin. Thrombin is essential for converting fibrinogen into fibrin, which forms the meshwork of a blood clot.

Genetic deficiencies in Factor VII are rare inherited bleeding disorders. Individuals with severe Factor VII deficiency experience prolonged bleeding after injury, surgery, or childbirth. Symptoms can range from mild bruising to severe, life-threatening hemorrhages. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure Factor VII activity and antigen levels. Treatment for Factor VII deficiency involves replacing the deficient clotting factor, usually with Factor VII concentrate or fresh frozen plasma.

In addition to its role in hemostasis, Factor VIIa, the activated form, has also been investigated for its potential therapeutic uses. Recombinant activated Factor VII (rFVIIa) is used to treat bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A or B who have developed inhibitors against Factor VIII or Factor IX, respectively. It is also used in certain surgical procedures to reduce blood loss. Research continues to explore other applications for this important clotting factor.