FLOSS

Floss, or dental floss, is a thin strand designed to remove food and plaque from between teeth. It is typically made from nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, a monofilament) and can be waxed or unwaxed. Floss comes in various widths and forms, including traditional thread-like floss, dental tape which is broader, and floss designed for braces or tight spaces. Floss picks and pre-threaded dispensers offer alternative application methods. In addition to dental floss, other interdental cleaners include interdental brushes and water flossers.

Historically, the practice of flossing traces to the 18th–19th century with Levi Spear Parmly, who advocated silk thread to clean between teeth. The modern commercially available floss is usually nylon or PTFE and is often waxed to glide more easily; flavored versions are common. Some products are designed for braces, or for sensitive gums. Environmental concerns have led to interest in silk or biodegradable floss options.

To use floss, wind about 18 inches of floss around the middle fingers, leave a few inches to work with, and slide it gently between teeth. Curve the floss around each tooth and slide beneath the gumline, using a clean segment for each adjacent surface. Do not snap the floss, and be gentle to avoid gum injury. Flossing is typically recommended as part of daily oral hygiene, alongside brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste.

Regular flossing helps remove interdental plaque and debris and can reduce gingival inflammation when paired with brushing. The strength of evidence varies; some guidelines emphasize daily flossing as part of a comprehensive routine. Alternatives include floss picks, dental tape, interdental brushes, and water flossers.