FABP7

FABP7, also known as brain fatty acid-binding protein (B-FABP) or brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP), is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family. In humans, it is encoded by the FABP7 gene. The protein is a small cytosolic molecule, approximately 14–15 kDa, that binds long-chain fatty acids and related lipids.

In the central nervous system, FABP7 expression is highest in astrocytes and neural progenitor cells, particularly during development, and remains enriched in astrocytes in the adult brain. It is also detected in limited non-neural tissues. Its distribution supports roles in supporting neural development and glial function, as well as in responses to CNS injury and disease.

Functionally, FABP7 facilitates intracellular transport of fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid, delivering these lipids to membranes, mitochondria, or the nucleus. Through interactions with lipid signaling pathways and transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), it can influence lipid metabolism, cellular signaling, and gene expression. This activity is linked to neurodevelopmental processes, glial differentiation, neurite outgrowth, and modulation of neuroinflammatory responses.

Clinical relevance of FABP7 includes its elevated expression in certain brain tumors, notably astrocytomas and glioblastomas, where it has been investigated as a marker of tumor biology and a potential therapeutic target. In the CNS, FABP7 serves as a cellular marker for astrocyte lineage and reactive astrocytes in injury models. Altered expression has also been observed in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative contexts, reflecting ongoing research into its roles.