Extrakt
Extrakt, or extract, is a preparation that concentrates selected constituents from a biological source by removing other components. The term is used across food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Extracts are typically produced by solvent extraction, in which a liquid solvent dissolves target compounds and the solvent is then removed to yield a concentrated product. Common solvents include ethanol and water, but methanol, acetone, and other solvents may be used; for some processes, green methods such as supercritical carbon dioxide extraction are employed. Plant-based extracts are especially widespread and may be labeled as tinctures, infusions, decoctions, or standardized extracts, depending on preparation method and degree of concentration. Essential oils are volatile extracts obtained by steam distillation or cold pressing; other extracts concentrate nonvolatile constituents such as polyphenols, alkaloids, or terpenes.
Applications of extracts span many sectors. In foods and beverages, extracts provide flavor and aroma, as seen
Quality, regulation, and safety considerations are central. Extract products may be standardized to marker compounds to