Exozoochorous

Exozoochorous refers to the dispersal of seeds or spores by animals externally, meaning they are carried on the animal's body. This is distinct from endozoochory, where seeds are ingested and then passed through the digestive tract. In exozoochory, propagules adhere to the animal's fur, feathers, or skin. This can occur through various mechanisms, such as sticky seeds or spores that cling to hair, or through the animal's movement through vegetation that has these propagules attached.

The effectiveness of exozoochory depends on the animal's mobility and the duration for which the propagules remain attached. Animals that travel long distances or visit diverse habitats are more likely to facilitate wider dispersal. This mode of dispersal is particularly common for plants in environments where animals with dense fur or plumage are abundant. It can also play a role in the spread of certain fungi and other microorganisms.

Examples of exozoochory can be observed in various ecosystems. Birds, with their feathers, can carry seeds and spores across significant geographical barriers. Mammals, especially those with thick fur, can inadvertently transport these propagules as they move through their territories. The success of this dispersal strategy relies on the propagules having adaptations that allow them to adhere effectively to the animal's exterior. This method of dispersal can contribute to plant colonization of new areas and the maintenance of genetic diversity within plant populations.