Exoparazitizmus

Exoparazitizmus refers to a type of parasitic relationship where the parasite lives on the external surface of its host. This is in contrast to endoparasitism, where the parasite lives within the host's body. Organisms that engage in exoparazitism are known as ectoparasites.

Ectoparasites can be found on the skin, in hair, feathers, or scales of their hosts. They often feed on blood, skin cells, or other bodily fluids. Common examples of ectoparasites include fleas, ticks, lice, mites, and certain types of leeches. These parasites can infest a wide range of hosts, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and even fish.

The presence of ectoparasites can cause various problems for the host. These can include irritation, itching, inflammation, and the transmission of diseases. For instance, ticks are known vectors for diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, while mosquitoes transmit malaria and West Nile virus. In some cases, severe infestations can lead to anemia or even death, particularly in young or weakened hosts.

The relationship is characterized by the ectoparasite deriving nourishment and shelter from the host, while the host suffers some degree of harm. The extent of this harm can vary greatly depending on the species of parasite, the number of parasites, and the health of the host. Control and prevention of ectoparasites are important in both veterinary and human medicine to maintain health and well-being.