Exohormones

Exohormones are chemical substances secreted by an organism that affect the behavior or physiology of another organism of the same species. This term is often used interchangeably with pheromones, although some definitions distinguish between the two. Pheromones are typically understood as signaling molecules that trigger a specific response in the recipient, while exohormones can encompass a broader range of secreted chemicals with communicative functions.

These compounds are released into the external environment and are detected by other individuals through specialized sensory organs. The effects of exohormones can vary widely, influencing social interactions, reproduction, territorial marking, and alarm signaling in a diverse array of animal species. For instance, insects are well-known for their use of exohormones to attract mates, aggregate, or warn others of danger. Similarly, many mammals utilize exohormones for scent marking, which conveys information about their identity, reproductive status, or social hierarchy.

The study of exohormones falls under the field of chemical ecology and ethology. Researchers investigate the chemical structures of these compounds, the mechanisms of their synthesis and release, and the behavioral and physiological responses they elicit. Understanding exohormones provides insights into the complex communication systems that underpin social behavior and reproductive success in many organisms. The discovery and synthesis of exohormones have also found applications in pest control and wildlife management.