Exocíticas

Exocíticas is a term used primarily in Brazil to refer to invasive alien species. These are organisms, whether plants, animals, fungi, or microorganisms, that are introduced to an area outside of their natural geographic range and have the potential to cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health. The term emphasizes their "exotic" or foreign origin and their capacity to establish themselves and spread, often outcompeting native species.

The introduction of exocíticas can occur through various human activities, including international trade, transportation, tourism, and the intentional release of pets or ornamental plants. Once established, these species can disrupt ecosystems by preying on native wildlife, competing for resources, spreading diseases, or altering habitats. The economic impacts can include damage to agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and infrastructure, as well as costs associated with control and eradication efforts.

Brazil, with its vast biodiversity and extensive trade routes, faces significant challenges from exocíticas. Examples include the golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) in freshwater ecosystems and the Africanized honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata) which has integrated with European honeybees. Management strategies involve prevention, early detection, rapid response, and long-term control measures. Understanding and addressing the threat of exocíticas is crucial for conserving native biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance.