Exclamativelauseiden

Exclamativelauseiden, or exclamative clauses, are a category of sentences used to express strong emotion, surprise, or emphasis. They differ from declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences in that their primary function is to convey affect or emphasis rather than to state information, request information, or give commands. In many languages, exclamative clauses form a distinct subcategory with characteristic intonation and punctuation, often marked in writing by an exclamation point.

In English, exclamatives commonly appear in two broad forms. One type uses what or how at the beginning of the clause, as in What a wonderful day it is! or How quickly she ran!. The second type is a bare exclamation, such as Amazing! or What a day! These structures can function as standalone utterances or as part of a larger sentence, depending on discourse context and syntactic conventions. The hallmark of exclamatives is their illocutionary force—the speaker’s reaction is foregrounded rather than the propositional content alone.

Cross-linguistic variation exists in how exclamative meaning is encoded. Some languages employ dedicated exclamative particles, specific word orders, or adjectives to signal exclamative force. In written form, exclamative clauses are typically signaled by punctuation and by elevated prosody in speech. In many grammars, exclamatives are treated as a mood or illocutionary category distinct from the indicative, interrogative, and imperative moods, with functions ranging from praise and wonder to lament and astonishment.

See also: exclamation, interjection, grammatical mood, intonation.