Ethacrynic

Ethacrynic acid is a diuretic medication used primarily to treat edema associated with heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease, and to manage hypertension. It belongs to the loop diuretic class, although it differs chemically from other drugs in this group, such as furosemide or bumetanide.

Chemically, ethacrynic acid is a phenoxyacetic acid derivative. It exerts its effect by inhibiting the sodium-potassium-chloride symporter in the loop of Henle within the nephron, leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water. This action reduces fluid buildup and decreases blood pressure.

Ethacrynic acid is typically administered orally or intravenously, depending on the clinical situation. Its onset of action is relatively rapid, with diuresis occurring within an hour of administration. The duration of effect generally lasts around 6 to 8 hours.

Possible side effects include electrolyte imbalances such as hypokalemia and hyponatremia, dehydration, dizziness, and ototoxicity, which is a notable adverse effect differing from other loop diuretics. Because of its potential to cause significant electrolyte disturbances, careful monitoring of electrolytes and kidney function is recommended during treatment.

Ethacrynic acid is generally used when patients are allergic to sulfonamide-containing loop diuretics or when other diuretics are ineffective. It is sold under various brand names and by different pharmaceutical manufacturers.

Overall, ethacrynic acid remains an important option in the management of edema and hypertension, especially in cases where other diuretics are contraindicated or poorly tolerated.