Estranes

Estranes are a class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a distinctive chemical structure. They are composed of five fused benzene rings with a peripheral ring system. Estranes are commonly found in environmental samples, including air, water, and soil, due to their widespread presence in crude oil and other fossil fuels.

Estranes are formed through the incomplete combustion of organic materials, such as diesel fuels, coal, and wood. This process, known as pyrolysis, leads to the creation of PAHs, including estranes. They can also be produced through human activities, such as the extraction and refining of fossil fuels, and industrial processes.

Estranes have been identified as potential carcinogens, with some studies suggesting a link between exposure to these compounds and an increased risk of cancer. However, much of the existing data on the health effects of estranes is still in the early stages of research and more studies are needed to fully understand the risks associated with exposure.

From an environmental perspective, estranes are often used as markers to indicate the presence of other PAHs. Their presence can provide insight into the environmental fate and transport of these compounds, and may be used in monitoring and regulatory efforts.

The name "estranes" originates from the petroleum industry, where they were first identified as a distinct group of PAHs. The term is derived from the combination of "estra" and "ane", referring to the five-ring structural characteristic of these compounds. Overall, estranes are an important subset of PAHs, with implications for both human health and environmental science.