Esettagolás

Esettagolás, or case tagging, is the linguistic annotation process in which words, typically nouns and pronouns, are labeled with their grammatical case to indicate their syntactic and semantic roles. Tag sets are language-dependent, but common labels include nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, instrumental, locative, and ablative, among others. In languages with rich morphology, case tagging is essential for many NLP and corpus-linguistic tasks.

Methods and data: Annotation can be done manually by trained linguists, automatically by rule-based systems, or by statistical and machine learning approaches. Projects often use a defined annotation scheme and measure inter-annotator agreement to ensure consistency. Data are stored in treebanks or encoded with universal tagsets, such as the case feature in Universal Dependencies, which marks tokens with their grammatical case.

Applications: Case tagging supports syntactic parsing, morphological disambiguation, and machine translation, and it enables targeted searches and linguistic studies in corpora. It is especially important for languages with free or flexible word order, where case endings help determine who is doing what to whom.

Challenges: Difficulties include ambiguity when case information alone does not determine function, polysemy and syncretism, and subjectivity in annotation. Developing consistent schemes across languages, especially for low-resource languages, remains an ongoing area of work.

Examples: A sentence in a morphologically rich language might be annotated as The boy-NOM saw the ball-ACC near the house-LOC; tag choices depend on the language and annotation guidelines.