Eritropoetina

Eritropoetina, often abbreviated as EPO, is a hormone produced primarily by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood. Its main function is to stimulate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. This process is called erythropoiesis. When the kidneys detect a shortage of oxygen, they release EPO, which then travels to the bone marrow to signal the production and release of more red blood cells. These red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Eritropoetina is a glycoprotein and is a crucial regulator of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. In medical settings, recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) is widely used as a therapeutic agent. It is synthesized in laboratories and is prescribed to treat various forms of anemia, such as anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy, and certain chronic inflammatory conditions. By increasing red blood cell count, EPO helps to alleviate symptoms like fatigue and weakness caused by anemia.

The use of EPO in sports has also gained notoriety. Athletes, particularly in endurance sports, have been known to misuse synthetic EPO to enhance their oxygen-carrying capacity, thereby improving performance. This practice is considered doping and is prohibited by sports organizations and anti-doping agencies due to the significant health risks associated with it, including increased risk of blood clots, stroke, and heart attack. Monitoring EPO levels is a standard part of anti-doping efforts.