Erikoiskaavan

Erikoiskaavan refers to a concept in Finnish urban planning: a type of land-use plan designed for areas or projects that require detailed, tailored regulation beyond what standard zoning can provide. The form Erikoiskaavan is used when speaking about the plan’s provisions, for example describing the scope or content of the plan.

In Finland the planning system includes yleiskaava (master plan), asemakaava (detailed plan), and erikoiskaava as a complementary instrument under the Maankäyttö- ja rakennuslaki (Land Use and Building Act). An erikoiskaava may be employed for large or complex developments where standard processes are not sufficient. It can address areas with special environmental, social, cultural, or technical conditions and may regulate land use, building rights, infrastructure, and related controls.

The preparation of an erikoiskaava is typically undertaken by the municipal planning authority, followed by public consultation and, where required, impact assessments. The plan is adopted by the municipal council and enters into force after publication. Its provisions generally specify land-use categories, building forms and densities, environmental protections, and transportation or utility arrangements for the project area.

Erikoiskaavoja are intended to ensure coordinated, site-specific regulation and to facilitate integrated development. Critics note that they can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, which underscores the importance of transparent public participation and clear communication throughout the process.

See also Maankäyttö- ja rakennuslaki, yleiskaava, asemakaava.