Erdhöhlen

Erdhöhlen are natural or artificial underground cavities or chambers. They can be formed by geological processes such as erosion, tectonic activity, or volcanic activity, or they can be dug by humans or animals.

Geological earth caves, also known as natural caves, are formed over long periods. Karst caves, for example, are created by the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone by water. Lava tubes are formed when molten lava flows away, leaving behind hollow tunnels. Sea caves are carved by the relentless action of waves against coastlines.

Animal-made earth caves, often referred to as burrows or dens, serve as shelters, nesting sites, or places for hibernation for a variety of creatures. Examples include the burrows of rabbits, badgers, and prairie dogs. These structures are dug using claws and teeth, and their complexity varies greatly depending on the animal.

Human-made earth caves have been created for various purposes throughout history. These include shelters, storage, religious sites, and even as defensive structures. Examples include ancient dwellings carved into hillsides, Roman cellars, and World War II air-raid shelters.

The study of earth caves is known as speleology. Speleologists explore, map, and research the geological, biological, and archaeological significance of these underground environments. Earth caves can harbor unique ecosystems, contain valuable mineral deposits, and preserve historical artifacts. Their stability and accessibility are important considerations for both scientific study and potential human use.