Epzicom

Epzicom is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication containing abacavir and lamivudine, two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The tablet combines abacavir 600 mg and lamivudine 300 mg and is taken orally once daily as part of a combination antiretroviral therapy regimen, usually with another agent such as a protease inhibitor or integrase inhibitor. It is approved for adults and certain pediatric patients, depending on regulatory region (for example, children aged 3 months and older in many jurisdictions).

Mechanism and use: Both components inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase, blocking the conversion of viral RNA to DNA and thereby reducing viral replication. They are used together to enhance antiviral activity and adherence through fixed dosing.

Indications: Epzicom is indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection as part of combination antiretroviral therapy in adults and pediatric patients. It is not used as monotherapy and should be used as part of a complete ART regimen tailored by a healthcare provider.

Safety and precautions: A major safety issue is abacavir hypersensitivity reaction, which is associated with the HLA-B*57:01 allele. Before starting Epzicom, patients should be screened for HLA-B*57:01; Epzicom is contraindicated in patients with a known history of abacavir hypersensitivity or who test positive for HLA-B*57:01. Hypersensitivity reactions can be severe and life-threatening; discontinue immediately if suspected. Other risks include lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis and hepatotoxicity. Lamivudine has activity against hepatitis B; abrupt discontinuation can lead to HBV flares; monitor liver function. Common adverse effects include nausea, headache, fatigue, and rash.