Epoka

Epoka is a term used in several languages to denote an epoch or era—a distinct period in time, history, or development. The word traces to Greek epokhē and reached modern languages via Latin and other routes; in English the closest term is epoch. In many languages a cognate form such as epoka, epoca, or epokă is used with a similar meaning.

In geology, an epoch is a formal subdivision of the geologic timescale, shorter than a period and longer than an age. Each epoch is defined by characteristic rock layers and fossil assemblages; examples include the Paleocene, Eocene, and Miocene. The concept helps describe Earth's history and climate changes over millions of years.

In astronomy and timekeeping, an epoch refers to a reference date for celestial coordinates and orbital elements, such as J2000. In computing, the term Unix epoch refers to 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970, used as the origin for time calculations in many operating systems and file formats.

Usage and scope: More broadly, epoka denotes any defining period characterized by notable events, developments, or cultural styles. The term is used in academic writing, history, and everyday language to mark transitions between eras. See also epoch.