Epitelizáció

Epitelizáció is the biological process by which new epithelial tissue is formed. This occurs during wound healing, where damaged or lost epithelial cells are replaced. The process begins with the migration of existing epithelial cells from the wound's edges towards the center. These cells, known as keratinocytes, proliferate and spread to cover the exposed underlying tissue.

Several factors influence the rate and success of epitelizáció. Adequate blood supply is crucial, as it delivers oxygen and nutrients necessary for cell growth and repair. Moisture is also important; a moist wound environment promotes cell migration and reduces the formation of dry, scabbing tissue that can impede healing. The presence of infection, however, can significantly hinder epitelizáció, as inflammatory responses and bacterial activity can damage new cells and delay the healing process.

The formation of granulation tissue, a vascularized connective tissue, often precedes successful epitelizáció in deeper wounds. This tissue provides a scaffold for the migrating epithelial cells. Complete epitelizáció results in the restoration of the skin's protective barrier, preventing further fluid loss and entry of pathogens. The outcome of epitelizáció can range from a thin, scar-free layer of new epithelium to a thicker scar depending on the depth of the wound and the body's healing response.