Epiglote

Epiglote is a leaf-shaped flap of elastic cartilage located at the entrance of the larynx, behind the root of the tongue. It forms part of the upper airway and sits above the laryngeal inlet, helping to separate the airway from the esophagus during swallowing. The epiglote is covered by a mucous membrane and is connected to the thyroid cartilage by the thyroepiglottic ligament and to the hyoid bone by the hyoepiglottic ligament.

Structurally, the epiglote consists of a flexible cartilage core with a mucosal lining. It is positioned to swing like a lid over the glottis during swallowing and to remain upright during breathing, allowing air to pass freely into the trachea.

Functionally, the epiglote serves as a protective mechanism for the airway. During swallowing, the larynx rises and the epiglote tilts to cover the opening of the larynx, directing food and liquids into the esophagus and helping prevent aspiration. After swallowing, the epiglote returns to its resting position. It also contributes to the anatomical formation of the laryngeal inlet, influencing airflow and resonance to some degree.

Innervation and sensation are primarily through branches of the vagus nerve, notably the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, which provides sensory input to the epiglote and an afferent pathway for taste from this region.

Clinical relevance can include epiglottitis, a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the epiglote that can obstruct the airway. It is more common in children but can occur in adults; vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b has reduced its incidence. Awareness of epiglote health is important in evaluating sudden throat pain, fever, drooling, or stridor.