Enzimkategória

Enzimkategória refers to the classification system used to group enzymes based on the type of chemical reaction they catalyze. This system, developed by the Enzyme Commission of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB), provides a standardized nomenclature for enzymes, allowing for clear and unambiguous communication among scientists. There are six main enzyme classes, each further subdivided.

The six primary enzyme classes are Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, and Ligases. Oxidoreductases catalyze redox reactions, transferring electrons. Transferases move functional groups from one molecule to another. Hydrolases break chemical bonds by adding water. Lyases catalyze the cleavage of chemical bonds without hydrolysis or oxidation, often forming double bonds or rings. Isomerases rearrange atoms within a molecule to form isomers. Ligases join two molecules together, requiring energy, usually in the form of ATP.

Each enzyme is assigned a four-part numerical code, known as an EC number, which precisely defines its catalytic activity. The first digit indicates the main class, the second and third digits specify subclasses and sub-subclasses respectively, and the fourth digit denotes the specific substrate or reaction. This hierarchical system ensures that enzymes with similar functions are grouped together, facilitating research and understanding of biochemical processes.