Entzündung

Entzündung, also known as inflammation, is a fundamental biological response of the body's immune system to harmful stimuli. These stimuli can include pathogens like bacteria and viruses, damaged cells, irritants, or even internal factors such as autoimmune conditions. The primary purpose of inflammation is to protect the organism by eliminating the initial cause of cell injury, clearing out necrotic cells and tissues damaged as a result of the original insult and the inflammatory process, and initiating the process of tissue repair.

The cardinal signs of acute inflammation are well-recognized and include redness (rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and loss of function (functio laesa). These symptoms arise from a complex cascade of events involving the release of various chemical mediators, increased blood flow to the affected area, and the migration of white blood cells to the site of injury. These white blood cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, engulf and destroy pathogens or cellular debris.

While acute inflammation is a vital protective mechanism, chronic inflammation can arise when the inflammatory response is prolonged or inadequately resolved. This can occur if the inciting agent is not removed or if there is a persistent immune system activation. Chronic inflammation can contribute to a wide range of diseases, including arthritis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, by causing ongoing tissue damage and dysfunction. Understanding the mechanisms of inflammation is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to manage both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.