Entschuldigung

Entschuldigung is a German noun and interjection that denotes an apology or an excuse. Etymologically it comes from ent- “removal” and Schuld “guilt,” with the suffix -ung forming a noun, originally referring to the removal of guilt. In modern usage, it designates both the act of apologizing and a statement used to excuse oneself or to attract attention.

As a verb phrase, sich entschuldigen means “to apologize.” The noun form is eine Entschuldigung, referring to the apology itself. The expression is used in various contexts, from a simple, casual remark to a formal request for pardon. In speech, people often say Entschuldigung or Entschuldigen Sie bitte to gain attention or to pass by in a crowd. Informally, Entschuldige bitte or Entschuldigt are common.

Common uses include:

- Making a minor interruption or request: Entschuldigung, könnten Sie mir helfen? or Entschuldige bitte, ich habe mich verfahren.

- Admitting fault in writing or speech: Ich bitte um Entschuldigung für die Unannehmlichkeiten. Diese Formulierung is more formal and neutral than a personal apology.

- Distinguishing from stronger expressions: Es tut mir leid expresses personal regret or sorrow, while Verzeihung or Entschuldigung are often used for lighter offenses or politeness in daily interaction.

Formality and register vary: Entschuldigung is neutral; Entschuldigen Sie is formal; Entschuldige is informal. Verzeihung is somewhat more archaic or formal, and Es tut mir leid conveys deeper remorse.

See also: Es tut mir leid, Verzeihung, Sich entschuldigen.