Endoteli

Endoteli is a type of cell found in the lining of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. These cells are also known as endothelial cells and play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and function of the vascular system.

Endothelial cells are specialized to form a thin layer of cells that lines the inner surface of blood vessels. This layer is called the endothelium. Endothelial cells are in contact with the bloodstream and interact with platelets, leukocytes, and other blood components. They express various adhesion molecules and receptors that facilitate communication with blood cells and the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells.

The primary function of endothelial cells is to regulate vascular tone, permeability, and blood cell traffic. They produce and release a variety of signaling molecules that can cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction, which affects blood flow. Endothelial cells also regulate the passage of fluids and solutes across the blood vessel wall by controlling permeability. Furthermore, they play a role in blood clotting by interacting with platelets and other blood cells.

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with various pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. In these conditions, the endothelial layer becomes damaged or dysfunctional, leading to impaired blood flow and potentially life-threatening consequences. Endothelial cells also have the ability to proliferate and migrate, allowing them to repair damaged areas of the vascular lining.

In recent years, research has focused on the role of endothelial cells in various diseases and the development of treatments that target these cells.